GLOSSARY
A
Asset-referenced tokens (ART)
Several fiat currencies, one or several commodities or one or several crypto-assets, or a combination of such assets (the so called “reserve assets”) within the MiCA context.
B
C
Crypto-asset service provider (CASP)
Any person whose occupation or business is the provision of one or more crypto-asset services to third parties on a professional basis.
D
Decentralized Identifier (DID)
W3C defines a Decentralized Identifier (DID) as a portable URL-based identifier ... associated with an entity ... An
example of a DID is did:example:123456abcdef"*
E-money tokens (EMT)
A type of crypto asset for one single fiat currency
L
Legal Person
Any person or entity that is able to perform legal activities, such as enter into contracts, own property, and so on
M
Market in Crypto-Assets (MiCA)
Legislation that covers crypto assets in the European Union
R
Regulator
An entity that is established by governments or other organizations to oversee the functioning and fairness of financial markets and the firms that engage in financial activity.
S
Self-sovereign identity (SSI)
An approach to digital identity that gives individuals control of their digital identities
V
Verifiable credential (VC)
A standard data model and representation format for cryptographically-verifiable digital credentials defined by the W3C Verifiable Credentials specification
Verifiable data registry (VDR)
A system that facilitates the creation, verification, updating, and/or deactivation of decentralized identifiers and DID documents. A verifiable data registry might also be used for other cryptographically-verifiable data structures such as verifiable credentials.
Verifiable presentation (VP)
A tamper-evident presentation encoded in such a way that authorship of the data can be trusted after a process of cryptographic verification
Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP)
FATF defines a virtual asset service provider (VASP) as the following: “Any natural/legal person who ... as a business conducts one or more of the following activities or operations for or on behalf of another natural or legal person: i. exchange between virtual assets and fiat currencies; ii. exchange between one or more forms of virtual assets; iii. transfer of virtual assets; iv. safekeeping and/or administration of virtual assets or instruments enabling control over virtual assets; and v. participation in and provision of financial services related to an issuer’s offer and/or sale of a virtual asset.” FATF guidance to the G20
Z
Zero-knowledge Proof (ZKP)
In cryptography, a zero-knowledge proof or zero-knowledge protocol is a method by which one party (the prover) can prove to another party (the verifier) that a given statement is true, without conveying any information apart from the fact that the statement is indeed true. The essence of zero-knowledge proofs is that it is trivial to prove that one possesses knowledge of certain information by simply revealing it; the challenge is to prove such possession without revealing the information itself or any additional information (Zero-knowledge proof on wikipedia).